Optometry Admission Test (OAT) Practice

What is the primary function of vasopressin?

1. It inhibits water absorption in the kidneys

2. It stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys

3. It increases blood calcium levels

4. It decreases metabolic activity

The correct answer is: It stimulates water reabsorption in the kidneys

Vasopressin, also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH), primarily functions to stimulate the reabsorption of water in the kidneys. It does this by acting on the collecting ducts of the nephrons, increasing their permeability to water. This process allows more water to be reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, thereby concentrating urine and helping to manage body fluid balance and blood pressure. When the body is dehydrated, vasopressin is released to promote water retention, reducing urine volume and helping to restore hydration levels. This physiological action is crucial because it helps regulate the body's osmolarity and plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. In situations where the body has excess water, the secretion of vasopressin decreases, leading to more dilute urine production. Thus, the role of vasopressin is fundamental in water homeostasis, making the option emphasizing its function in promoting water reabsorption the correct choice.