Optometry Admission Test (OAT) Practice

What is the primary function of glucocorticoids?

1. Increase protein synthesis

2. Decrease blood glucose levels

3. Increase blood glucose levels

4. Regulate water balance

The correct answer is: Increase blood glucose levels

The primary function of glucocorticoids is to increase blood glucose levels. These hormones, which are produced by the adrenal cortex, play a crucial role in the body's response to stress and help maintain homeostasis by providing the necessary energy substrates during times of physiological stress. Glucocorticoids facilitate gluconeogenesis, a process where glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources, primarily in the liver. This action results in raised blood glucose levels, making more energy available for vital bodily functions, especially during times of stress, fasting, or infection. Additionally, glucocorticoids also promote the mobilization of fatty acids and the breakdown of proteins, which can further contribute to the overall increase in blood glucose levels through various metabolic pathways. The other functions described in the incorrect options involve mechanisms that do not align with the established role of glucocorticoids in metabolism. While they may have effects on protein synthesis or fluid balance, their principal action impacting blood glucose levels is what defines their primary function.